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زن در چه شرایطی مالک نصف دارایی مرد میشود؟
شرط نصف شدن دارایی مرد یکی از شروطی است که در قباله ازدواج بیان شده و زوجین آن را امضا میکنند. زن و شوهر با امضا زیر این شرط توافق میکنند که زوجه در اموالی که شوهر بعد از ازدواج به دست میآورد سهیم باشد.
شرط نصف شدن دارایی مرد
طلاق واقع شود: اجرای این شرط برخلاف سایر شروط، صرفاً منوط به واقعه طلاق است و بدون وقوع آن قابلاجرا نیست و امکان الزام شوهر برای اجرای شرط، قبل از درخواست وی وجود ندارد.
مرد خواهان جدایی باشد: یکی از شرایط تحقق شرط تنصیف دارایی این است که زوج بخواهد از زوجه طلاق بگیرد و وی ارائهکننده درخواست باشد و نه این که زوجه خواهان آن باشد.
جدایی مستند به تخلف زن از وظایف زناشویی یا سوءرفتار و سوء اخلاق وی نباشد: چنانچه سوءرفتار و سوء اخلاق زوجه علت جدایی زوج باشد با اثبات آن، شرط تنصیف نصف دارایی تحقق نمییابد. مثلاً هرگاه زوج، نشوز و عدم تمکین زوجه را اثبات کند، این شرط برای زوجه قابلاستفاده نخواهد بود.
ملاک تا نصف اموال یا معادل آن است: در این شرط عبارت تا نصف دارایی یا معادل آن ذکر شده که این میزان میتواند از پایینترین درصد اموال زوج تا سقف پنجاهدرصد آن تلقی شود که تعیین آن به نظر دادگاه است.
دارایی حاصل زندگی زناشویی با زوجه باشد: یکی دیگر از شرایط تحقق شرط مذکور حصول دارایی زوج، در زمان زندگی زناشویی با زوجه است؛ لذا به اموالی که زوج پیش از ایام زناشویی داشته (نه از تاریخ عقد) و اموال موروثی سرایت پیدا نمیکند. زیرا به مال ناشی از ارث اموال به دست آورده در زمان زناشویی اطلاق نمیشود.
دارایی در حین طلاق موجود باشد: موجود بودن اموال شرط لازم برای اجرای شرط نصف شدن دارایی مرد است؛ بنابراین شامل اموال از بین رفته اعم از تلف یا مفقود شده نمیشود. همچنین آنچه موضوع شرط است، دارایی زوج است؛ لذا به نظر باید دیون زوج نیز مدنظر قرار گیرد.
فرار از تنصیف اموال چگونه است؟
فرار از تنصیف اموال مرد برای زن زمانی است که زوج بخواهد برای عدم دسترسی زوجه به نصف اموال، قبل از درخواست طلاق از سوی خود یا قبل از درخواست تنصیف اموال از سوی زوجه، اموال خود را بهصورت واقعی یا صوری به غیر منتقل کند.
در این صورت بعد از صدور حکم تنصیف اموال مرد، عملاً مالی موجود نیست که زن بخواهد آن را تملک کند. در نتیجه برفرضی که حکم تنصیف اموال صادر شده باشد، عملاً ضمانت اجرایی وجود ندارد.
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